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Research Article
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Carbon-free Energy Transition in Thermal Power Plant:Ammonia Injection Strategies Analysis in Boiler Simulator
화력발전 무탄소 에너지 전환을 위한보일러 모사 장치에서 암모니아 주입 전략 연구
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Sang-Hwa Song, Ji-Hwan Lee, Hyeong-Bin Moon, Seung-Mo Kim, Gyeong-Min Kim, Chung-Hwan Jeon
송상화, 이지환, 문형빈, 김승모, 김경민, 전충환
- The International Energy Agency(IEA) predicts that by 2050, hydrogen and ammonia will account for approximately 19% of the global energy demand. Ammonia, …
- The International Energy Agency(IEA) predicts that by 2050, hydrogen and ammonia will account for approximately 19% of the global energy demand. Ammonia, with a high hydrogen content and a higher boiling point than hydrogen, presents itself as a favorable energy storage medium. This study investigates the effects of ammonia injection position and coal grade on combustion characteristics and emissions in coal-fired power plants as part of the transition towards carbon neutrality. ADTF(Ammonia Drop Tube Furnace) experiments were conducted to assess NOx, CO2, N2O, and NH3 slip emissions under low-load conditions. The findings from ADTF experiments indicate that ammonia injection position significantly impacts combustion characteristics and emissions. Coal B, a lower grade coal with high volatile matter, exhibited better combustion characteristics and lower UBC emissions compared to Coal A. NOx emissions were influenced by the ammonia injection position, with a low injection position leading to NOx reduction due to the effect of ammonia as a reducing agent in the combustion environment. Mixed coal showed trends similar to Coal A, but it could serve as a solution for utilizing high-grade coal and exhibited better emission levels in some aspects compared to single coal cases. So, underscores the potential of ammonia-coal co-firing in achieving significant emission reductions and enhancing the combustion efficiency of coal-fired boilers. - COLLAPSE
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Carbon-free Energy Transition in Thermal Power Plant:Ammonia Injection Strategies Analysis in Boiler Simulator
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Research Article
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A Study on Co-combustion Characteristics of Food Waste-based Solid Fuel (FWSF) in an 80 kWth Pulverized Coal Combustion System
80 kWth급 미분탄 연소 시스템에서 음식 폐기물 기반 고형 연료 혼소시 연소 특성 연구
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Woohyun Sim, Jaewook Lee, Won Yang, Taeyoung Chae, Changkook Ryu, Lee Tae Kim, Yoona Jeong
심우현, 이재욱, 양원, 채태영, 류창국, 김이태, 정윤아
- Food waste contributes to environmental pollution and substantial economic losses during disposal. To address these challenges, there is a growing need to …
- Food waste contributes to environmental pollution and substantial economic losses during disposal. To address these challenges, there is a growing need to convert this waste into clean fuel for energy production. This study investigates the feasibility of utilizing food waste-based solid fuel(FWSF) by analyzing its combustion characteristics, flue gas composition, and ash deposition behavior when co-combusted with coal. The co-firing ratio of FWSF was varied from 0% to 30% based on thermal input. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that FWSF undergoes slower pyrolysis compared to coal, while specific surface area analysis indicated a slower char combustion reaction for FWSF. During combustion tests in a 80 kWth furnace, NO emissions decreased as the co-firing ratio increased, attributed to the combustion characteristics of FWSF. Moreover, the rate of ash deposition remained comparable to that of coal combustion, even at higher cofiring ratios. These findings suggest that FWSF is a viable supplementary fuel for commercial coal-fired power plants. - COLLAPSE
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A Study on Co-combustion Characteristics of Food Waste-based Solid Fuel (FWSF) in an 80 kWth Pulverized Coal Combustion System
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Research Article
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Utilizing Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway for an Advanced Propulsion: Theory Development and Case Studies
리튬이온 배터리 열폭주 기반의 추력발생 이론 및 응용
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Minseok Kim, Rajak Rajendra, Daehong Lim, Jai-ick Yoh
김민석, 라젠드라라작, 임대홍, 여재익
- This study explores the theoretical potential of using thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries for propulsion systems. Lithium-ion batteries, essential in various applications, …
- This study explores the theoretical potential of using thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries for propulsion systems. Lithium-ion batteries, essential in various applications, are prone to thermal runaway, a phenomenon that can cause rapid temperature increases and energy release due to electrochemical and chemical reactions within the battery. While traditionally considered a safety risk, recent research has suggested leveraging this phenomenon for energy conversion and propulsion technology development. This paper aims to construct theoretical models of electrochemical systems, analyze the relationship between voltage and heat generation, and investigate how to control thermal runaway for desired thrust generation. The study presents three key scenarios: a system without chemical reactions at low temperatures, a system where chemical reactions occur at high temperatures, and a system involving rapid flow and high-speed reactions. By analyzing the linear relationship between voltage and heat generation, the research demonstrates the feasibility of controlling heat output through voltage adjustments. Additionally, the study evaluates the potential of using the combustion of gases produced during thermal runaway for propulsion, highlighting its applicability in space debris removal and other space-related activities. The findings suggest that controlling the combustion mechanism during thermal runaway could lead to the development of a novel electrochemical propulsion technology for the space industry. - COLLAPSE
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Utilizing Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway for an Advanced Propulsion: Theory Development and Case Studies
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Research Article
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Numerical Study on Ammonia Injection Strategy to Improve De-NOx Performance for Swirl Burner Fueled with Ammonia
암모니아 스월 버너에서 De-NOx 성능 향상을 위한 암모니아 분사 전략에 대한 수치적 연구
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Minhyeok Kim, Jonghyun Kim, Jungsoo Park
김민혁, 김종현, 박정수
- In order to directly apply ammonia as main fuel, research is being actively conducted on NOx reduction technology, which is the main …
- In order to directly apply ammonia as main fuel, research is being actively conducted on NOx reduction technology, which is the main emission from exhaust gas. When ammonia is used as fuel and simultaneously injected into the combustion chamber not only as a main fuel, but also as a reducing agent, a phenomenon similar to the SNCR effect that reduces NOx can be observed. This study objects to improve NOx reduction efficiency in ammonia swirl burners. To observe changes in performance, analysis was performed by changing the secondary injection of ammonia flow rate and injection angle using CONVERGE. As a result, the NOx reduction efficiency could be observed from approximately 69% to 99% depending on each variable, and the secondary ammonia injection flow rate could be optimized according to the secondary ammonia injection angle. - COLLAPSE
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Numerical Study on Ammonia Injection Strategy to Improve De-NOx Performance for Swirl Burner Fueled with Ammonia
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Research Article
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Influence of Nozzle Diameter on High-Frequency Transverse Instabilities in Multislit Hydrogen Combustors
노즐 직경 변화가 다중슬릿 수소 연소기의 고주파 횡방향 불안정에 미치는 영향
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Juhyeok Kim, Kyu Tae Kim
김주혁, 김규태
- High-frequency transverse instabilities arising from lean-premixed hydrogen combustors were experimentally investigated to identify important trends in high-frequency modal dynamics, with a particular …
- High-frequency transverse instabilities arising from lean-premixed hydrogen combustors were experimentally investigated to identify important trends in high-frequency modal dynamics, with a particular emphasis on the influence of nozzle diameter. Experimentally, we show that high-frequency transverse modes are triggered under relatively high thermal power and high temperature conditions. The dominant instability frequency and related modal dynamics depend heavily on the diameter of combustion liners, and the preferred nodal line position is observed to be governed by the presence of rotational asymmetry planes. - COLLAPSE
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Influence of Nozzle Diameter on High-Frequency Transverse Instabilities in Multislit Hydrogen Combustors
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Research Article
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Propulsion Performance Analysis of a Turbofan Engine Using the Ammonia-Blended Fuel: Low-Order Numerical Simulation
암모니아 혼소 및 전소 환경에서 터보팬 엔진의 추진 성능 분석: 저차원 모델 기반 수치해석
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Eunwoo Jung, Sinyoung Park, Minwoo Lee
정은우, 박신영, 이민우
- Ammonia fuel has garnered significant attention as a carbon-free alternative for powering modern gas turbines. In this study, we evaluate the propulsion …
- Ammonia fuel has garnered significant attention as a carbon-free alternative for powering modern gas turbines. In this study, we evaluate the propulsion performance of a turbofan engine operating on ammonia-blended jet fuel. A one-dimensional numerical model is developed to quantify the engine thrust and efficiencies. Numerical simulations are performed across varying mixing ratios of ammonia and JP-10 jet fuel. Additionally, we examine the impact of key system and operational parameters, such as altitude, vehicle speed, fuel mass flow rate, nozzle and fan nozzle diameters, on maintaining the propulsion performance with ammonia blending. Finally, we calculate the emissions of carbon and nitrogen oxides produced by the turbofan engine when operating with ammonia-blended fuels. - COLLAPSE
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Propulsion Performance Analysis of a Turbofan Engine Using the Ammonia-Blended Fuel: Low-Order Numerical Simulation
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Research Article
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Carbon Free NH3 Co-firing Behavior in Fluidized Bed Reactor: Effect of Blending Ratio and Stoichiometric Ratio
유동층 반응기 내 탄소 중립 NH3 혼소 특성: 혼소율 및 Stoichiometric ratio의 영향
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Jae-Sung Kim, Min-Woo Kim, Kyeong-Ho Kim, Haotian Ma, Seung-Mo Kim, Byoung-Hwa Lee, Chung-Hwan Jeon
김재성, 김민우, 김경호, 마하오톈, 김승모, 이병화, 전충환
- NH3, as one of the carbon-free fuels, is emerging as a new energy source for power generation. NH3 is …
- NH3, as one of the carbon-free fuels, is emerging as a new energy source for power generation. NH3 is being partially introduced into thermal power plants, accelerating its practical application as a fuel. In this study, experiments are conducted to apply NH3 in circulating fluidized bed(CFB) boilers. The objective of this research is to investigate fundamentally the effects of NH3 co-firing ratios(0-50%) and the stoichiometric ratio(SR) on combustion and various exhaust emissions to derive the optimal conditions for NH3 co-firing with coal using a bubbling fluidized bed(BFB) reactor. Results indicate that as the NH3 co-firing ratio increased, the emission values of CO2 and SO2 generated from coal combustion decreased. as the NH3 co-firing ratio increase up to 30~40%, the NOx gradually increase while higher co-firing ratio result in lower NOx value because unburned NH3 remaining in the reducing zone contribute to NOx reduction by selective non-catalytic reduction(SNCR) reactions. Furthermore NH3 should be injected into an appropriate reducing zone with a low SR for effective NOx reduction. - COLLAPSE
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Carbon Free NH3 Co-firing Behavior in Fluidized Bed Reactor: Effect of Blending Ratio and Stoichiometric Ratio
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Research Article
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Combustion Characteristics of Methanol/Gasoline Blended Fuels in SI Engine: Effects of Methanol Fraction and Injection Timing
메탄올/가솔린 혼합연료를 적용한 SI 엔진에서 연료의 분율 및 분사시기에 따른 연소 특성
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Hyunsoo Kim, Seungwon Lee, Choongsik Bae
김현수, 이승원, 배충식
- Reducing carbon emissions is a global priority, and methanol-gasoline blended fuels are gaining attention as a promising alternative for cleaner combustion. This …
- Reducing carbon emissions is a global priority, and methanol-gasoline blended fuels are gaining attention as a promising alternative for cleaner combustion. This study aims to investigate the effects of methanol fraction (0–100%) and injection timing on combustion efficiency, ignition delay, and emissions using a single-cylinder engine under high and low load conditions. Under high load conditions, low methanol fractions caused knocking, limiting spark timing advancement and reducing efficiency. As methanol fractions increased, combustion efficiency improved, and NOx emissions significantly decreased, especially above 50%, due to methanol’s high latent heat of vaporization. In low-load conditions, methanol enhanced combustion efficiency by shortening combustion duration, attributed to rapid flame propagation and its oxygen content. THC and CO emissions decreased, while CO2 slightly increased due to complete oxidation. The findings demonstrate methanol’s potential for achieving high-efficiency, low-emission combustion and offers experimental data for optimizing engine operation and blending strategies for future application.. - COLLAPSE
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Combustion Characteristics of Methanol/Gasoline Blended Fuels in SI Engine: Effects of Methanol Fraction and Injection Timing
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Research Article
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NOx Prediction of a Hydrogen Gas Turbine Combustor using Chemical Reactor Network and Computational Fluid Dynamics
화학 반응기 네트워크와 전산유체해석을 통한 수소 전소 가스터빈 연소기의 NOx 예측
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Minjun Choi, Geonryul Lee, Minseok Han, Youngjun Shin, Kee Man Lee, Dong-Hyuk Shin
최민준, 이건률, 한민석, 신영준, 이기만, 신동혁
- The NOx emission prediction simulations were conducted and compared with the experimental results. To compare the NOx emission, 3 bar and 8 …
- The NOx emission prediction simulations were conducted and compared with the experimental results. To compare the NOx emission, 3 bar and 8 bar hydrogen combustion experiments were performed using a PPMN nozzle. Also, the chemical reactor network(CRN) and computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulations were conducted. For the CRN simulation, perfectly stirred reactor(PSR) and plug flow reactor (PFR) were used to simulate the liner and transition piece of the PPMN nozzle. For the CFD simulation, conjugate heat transfer simulation was performed to predict NOx at the domain outlet. Both CRN and CFD simulations showed acceptable prediction capability at the end of the liner and domain outlet which errors were less than 10%. Using the 3 bar and 8 bar NOx results, pressure and NOx correlations were calculated. The NOx data were modeled for conditions up to 14 bar using experimental results, CRN, and CFD. At an operating pressure of 14 bar, modeled NOx error between experimental and simulation results showed less than 15%. - COLLAPSE
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NOx Prediction of a Hydrogen Gas Turbine Combustor using Chemical Reactor Network and Computational Fluid Dynamics
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Research Article
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Flame Stabilization Mode Classification and Prediction in an Ethylene-Fueled Supersonic Combustor Model
에틸렌 연료 초음속 연소기 모델에서 화염 안정 모드의 분류 및 예측
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Hyung-suk Lee, Inyoung Yang, Sang-hoon Lee
이형석, 양인영, 이상훈
- Combustion tests were performed on an ethylene-fueled supersonic combustor model under the combustor inlet flow speed condition of Mach 2.0, at three …
- Combustion tests were performed on an ethylene-fueled supersonic combustor model under the combustor inlet flow speed condition of Mach 2.0, at three fuel equivalence ratio values. There was no ignition at fuel equivalence ratio of 0.06, and ignition and flame holding were possible at 0.13 and 0.20. Flame images were obtained using CH radical chemiluminescence, and the flame stabilization modes werer analyzed based on the flame images. At 0.13, the flame was locked at the cavity shear layer-stabilized mode. At 0.20, it started with the same mode immediately after ignition, but moved to the cavity-stabilized mode and then the jet wake-stabilized mode within a short period of time, and then went back and forth between those two modes. The flame stabilization modes at 0.20 were also analyzed using K-means++ clustering. The cavity shear layer-stabilized mode was the most stable, with the transtion probability to the cavity- stabilized mode of 1.5% and that to the jet wake-stabilized mode of 10.4%. The transition probability from jet wake-stabilized mode to cavity-stabilized mode was 8.4%. - COLLAPSE
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Flame Stabilization Mode Classification and Prediction in an Ethylene-Fueled Supersonic Combustor Model
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Research Article
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A Numerical Study on Combustion Characteristics according to Velocity Fluctuation in a H2 Enriched Natural Gas
수소 혼소 천연가스의 속도변동에 따른 연소특성 해석에 대한 수치해석적 연구
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Tae-Kyun Oh
오태균
- Thermal power generation accounts for more than 60% of domestic electricity production and the development of gas turbines using LNG mixed with …
- Thermal power generation accounts for more than 60% of domestic electricity production and the development of gas turbines using LNG mixed with hydrogen is actively progressing as a transition fuel to hydrogen and ammonia, the ultimate carbon-free fuel. In this study, for a fuel that is mixed with 30% hydrogen (H2) in natural gas, the unsteady temperature evolution of the premixed flame, ignition delay time, and the tendency of nitrogen oxides to be discharged were examined through numerical calculation. To this end, the combustion characteristics were examined by giving the supplied velocity fluctuation at nozzle exit through frequency change (0~2000 Hz). When the frequency was 500 Hz or higher, it was confirmed that the ignition delay time rapidly increased as the frequency increased. Ignition no longer occurred when the frequency reached 2000 Hz and it can be considered that no ignition is mainly due to too much convective heat loss in flame. - COLLAPSE
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A Numerical Study on Combustion Characteristics according to Velocity Fluctuation in a H2 Enriched Natural Gas
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Research Article
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Evaluation of a Turbulent Non-premixed Combustion Model for the Design of an Ammonia-fueled Burner
암모니아 전소 버너 설계를 위한 난류 비예혼합 연소 해석 모델의 평가
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Gibeom Park, Won Yang, Taeyoung Chae, Changkook Ryu
박기범, 양원, 채태영, 류창국
- Ammonia has emerged as a carbon-free fuel to replace conventional fossil fuels for CO2 emission reduction. However, it has a low …
- Ammonia has emerged as a carbon-free fuel to replace conventional fossil fuels for CO2 emission reduction. However, it has a low flame speed, low flame temperature, and potential for high NOx emissions compared to conventional fuels. Computation fluid dynamics(CFD) can play a key role in developing industrial ammonia-fueled burners to achieve stable ignition and suppress NOx-forming reactions. However, the large computational domain restricts the use of advanced models such as eddy dissipation concept(EDC) for consideration of the detailed reaction mechanism with turbulence-chemistry interaction. In this study, the performance of the steady and unsteady diffusion flamelet models(S/UDFM) for ammonia combustion was evaluated in a 80 kWth non-premixed swirl burner. Although S/UDFM overestimated N2O emissions, it effectively captured NOx and ammonia emission trends similar to that of EDC under different combustion conditions. When compared to experiments, S/UDFM predicted NO and NH3 emission trend effectively, making it a computationally efficient reaction model for CFD applications to design evaluation of industrial ammonia combustion systems. - COLLAPSE
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Evaluation of a Turbulent Non-premixed Combustion Model for the Design of an Ammonia-fueled Burner
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Research Article
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NOx Emission Characteristics of Hydrogen and Natural Gas Co-Firing Combustion for EV Burner Fuel Hole Design
EV 버너 연료홀 설계에 따른 수소 혼소 연소의 질소산화물 배출 특성
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Jeongjae Hwang, Won June Lee, Kyungwook Min, Min Kuk Kim, Han-Seok Kim, Do Won Kang
황정재, 이원준, 민경욱, 김민국, 김한석, 강도원
- This study modified the fuel hole design of an EV(EnVironmental) burner for hydrogen co-firing and evaluated its combustion performance and NOx emissions. …
- This study modified the fuel hole design of an EV(EnVironmental) burner for hydrogen co-firing and evaluated its combustion performance and NOx emissions. The original EV burner showed increased fuel jet penetration and poor mixing under hydrogen co-firing conditions, leading to higher NOx emissions. To address this, the fuel hole diameter was increased by approximately 1.125 times. Experimental results showed that the modified EV burner improved NOx emissions as the hydrogen co-firing ratio increased and stabilized the flame front near the burner exit, enhancing fuel-air mixing. Combustion dynamics analysis confirmed stable combustion at higher flame temperatures. - COLLAPSE
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NOx Emission Characteristics of Hydrogen and Natural Gas Co-Firing Combustion for EV Burner Fuel Hole Design
Journal Informaiton
Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
The Korean Society of Combustion
한국연소학회
39-103, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
Tel: +82-2-880-8626 / Fax: +82-505-070-8626 / E-mail: kosco@snu.ac.kr Copyright© The Korean Society of Combustion. Powered by APUB
Tel: +82-2-880-8626 / Fax: +82-505-070-8626 / E-mail: kosco@snu.ac.kr Copyright© The Korean Society of Combustion. Powered by APUB