Propulsion Performance Analysis of a Turbofan Engine Using the Ammonia-Blended Fuel: Low-Order Numerical Simulation

Eunwoo Jung; Sinyoung Park; Minwoo Lee

doi:10.15231/jksc.2024.29.4.051

All Issue

2024 Vol.29, Issue 4 Preview Page Next Page

Research Article

Propulsion Performance Analysis of a Turbofan Engine Using the Ammonia-Blended Fuel: Low-Order Numerical Simulation 암모니아 혼소 및 전소 환경에서 터보팬 엔진의 추진 성능 분석: 저차원 모델 기반 수치해석

31 December 2024. pp. 51-60

PDF XML

Abstract

Ammonia fuel has garnered significant attention as a carbon-free alternative for powering modern gas turbines. In this study, we evaluate the propulsion performance of a turbofan engine operating on ammonia-blended jet fuel. A one-dimensional numerical model is developed to quantify the engine thrust and efficiencies. Numerical simulations are performed across varying mixing ratios of ammonia and JP-10 jet fuel. Additionally, we examine the impact of key system and operational parameters, such as altitude, vehicle speed, fuel mass flow rate, nozzle and fan nozzle diameters, on maintaining the propulsion performance with ammonia blending. Finally, we calculate the emissions of carbon and nitrogen oxides produced by the turbofan engine when operating with ammonia-blended fuels.

Keywords

Ammonia combustion

Carbon-free fuel

turbofan engine

gas-turbine combustor

Low-order model

References

RENA, Global renewable outlook: Energy transformation 2050, International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi, 2020.

IEA, Energy technology perspectives 2020, International Energy Agency, Paris, 2020.

H. Lee, Y. Woo, M.J. Lee, The Needs for R&D of Ammonia Combustion Technology for Carbon Neutrality - Part I Background and Economic Feasibility of Expanding the Supply of Fuel Ammonia, J. Korean Soc. Combust., 26(1) (2021) 59-83.

10.15231/jksc.2021.26.1.059

H. Lee, Y. Woo, M.J. Lee, The Needs for R&D of Ammonia Combustion Technology for Carbon Neutrality - Part II R&D Trends and Technical Feasibility Analysis, J. Korean Soc. Combust., 26(1) (2021) 84-106.

10.15231/jksc.2021.26.1.084

U. Jin, J. Lee, K.T. Kim, Recent Research Trends in Ammonia Gas Turbine Combustion Technology, J. Korean Soc. Combust., 29(1) (2024) 1-16.

10.15231/jksc.2024.29.1.001

C. Zamfirescu, I. Dincer, Using ammonia as a sustainable fuel, J. Power Sources, 185(1) (2008) 459- 465.

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.02.097

H. Kobayashi, A. Hayakawa, K.K.A. Somarathne, E.C. Okafor, Science and technology of ammonia combustion, P. Combust. Inst., 37(1) (2019), 109-133.

10.1016/j.proci.2018.09.029

L. Kang, W. Pan, J. Zhang, W. Wang, C. Tang, A review on ammonia blends combustion for industrial applications, Fuel, 332 (2023), 126150.

10.1016/j.fuel.2022.126150

K.J. Bosschaart, L.P.H. de Goey, The laminar burning velocity of flames propagating in mixtures of hydrocarbons and air measured with the heat flux method, Combust. Flame, 136 (2004) 261-169.

10.1016/j.combustflame.2003.10.005

E.C. Okafor, K.D.K.A. Somarathne, R. Ratthanan, A. Hayakawa, T. Kudo, O. Kurata, N. Iki, T. Tsujimura, H. Furutani, H. Kobayashi, Control of NOx and other emissions in micro gas turbine combustors fuelled with mixtures of methane and ammonia, Combust. Flame, 211 (2020) 406-416.

10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.10.012

M. Zhang, X. Wei, J. Wang, Z. Huang, H. Tan, The blow-off and transient characteristics of co-firing ammonia/methane fuels in a swirl combustor, Proc. Combust. Inst., 38 (2021) 5181-5190.

10.1016/j.proci.2020.08.056

E. Oğur, A. Koç, Ö. Köse, Y. Koç, H. Yağli, Performance Assessment of Ammonia as a Turbofan Engine Fuel During Various Altitude Levels, Energy, 308 (2024) 132714.

10.1016/j.energy.2024.132714

S. Sasi, C. Mourouzidis, D.J. Rajendran, I. Roumeliotis, V. Pachidis, J. Norman, Ammonia for civil aviation: A design and performance study for aircraft and turbofan engine, Energy Convers. Manag., 307 (2024) 118294.

10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118294

D. Chiaramonti, Sustainable aviation fuels: the challenge of decarbonization, Energy Procedia, 158 (2019) 1202-1207.

10.1016/j.egypro.2019.01.308

A. Barke, T. Bley, C. Thies, C. Weckenborg, T.S. Spengler, Are sustainable aviation fuels a viable option for decarbonizing air transport in Europe? An environmental and economic sustainability assessment, Appl. Sci., 12(2) (2022) 597.

10.3390/app12020597

K. Lee, T. Nam, C. Perullo, D.N. Mavris, Reduced-order modeling of a high-fidelity propulsion system simulation, AIAA J., 49(8) (2011) 1665-1682.

10.2514/1.J050887

A. Gimelli, R. Sannino, A micro gas turbine one- dimensional model: Approach description, calibration with a vector optimization methodology and validation, Appl. Therm. Eng., 188 (2021) 116644.

10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.116644

S. Park, E. Lee, M. Lee, Monte-Carlo Simulation for Analyzing the Performance Variation of a Liquid Rocket Engine Using Gas-Generator Cycle, Int. J. Aeronaut. Space Sci., (2024) 1-10.

10.1007/s42405-024-00760-2

S.Y. Park, J. Ahn, Deep neural network approach for fault detection and diagnosis during startup transient of liquid-propellant rocket engine, Acta Astronaut., 177 (2020) 714-730.

10.1016/j.actaastro.2020.08.019

A. Hayakawa, Y. Arakawa, R. Mimoto, K. Somarathne, T. Kudo, H. Kobayashi, Experimental investigation of stabilization and emission characteristics of ammonia/air premixed flames in a swirl combustor, Int. J. Hydrogen Energ., 42 (2017) 14010-14018.

10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.01.046

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Combustion
Publisher(Ko) :한국연소학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
Journal Title(Ko) :한국연소학회지
Volume : 29
No :4
Pages :51-60
Received Date : 2024-10-02
Revised Date : 2024-10-28
Accepted Date : 2024-10-28
DOI :https://doi.org/10.15231/jksc.2024.29.4.051

Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion ISSN:1226-0959(Print) 2466-2089(Online) 한국연소학회지

All Issue