Analysis of CH2O,  CH,  and C2 Species in a Single Droplet Flame and the Droplet Combustion Characteristics using a Short Wavelength Filtering

Young Chan Lim; Hyun Kyu Suh

doi:10.15231/jksc.2021.26.3.001

All Issue

2021 Vol.26, Issue 3 Next Page

Research Article

Analysis of CH₂O, CH, and C₂ Species in a Single Droplet Flame and the Droplet Combustion Characteristics using a Short Wavelength Filtering 단파장 필터링을 통한 단일 액적 화염 내 CH₂O, CH, C₂ 화학종 분석 및 액적 연소 특성

30 September 2021. pp. 1-9

PDF XML

Abstract

This paper was performed to observe the flame behavior of the biodiesel, diesel, and n-heptane single fuel droplets and analyze the CH₂O, CH, and C₂ species in a single droplet flame included combustion characteristics experimentally. In order to visualize the combustion process of test fuel droplets, droplet combustion visualization and analysis were conducted using a high-speed camera and a CCD camera coupled with a short wavelength filter. A single fuel droplet was formed on the stainless wire using a syringe and ignited by a heat source provided from the power supply equipment. It was shown that the ignition delay of an n-heptane fuel droplet was shorter than those of biodiesel and diesel fuel droplets due to a higher evaporation rate in the liquid phase. A longer flame extinction and the flame life-time were also observed in the biodiesel and diesel fuel droplets than most n-heptane fuel droplets. In the case of the diesel fuel droplet, it was found that the flame life-time was slightly increased than the biodiesel fuel droplet. The C₂ species produced in the flame during combustion of all fuel droplets were distributed throughout the flame, while the CH and CH₂O chemical species tended to be located in the flame front and center area. As a result of combustion analysis, the biodiesel, diesel, and n-heptane fuels were shown the changes of the CH₂O mole fraction according to the two-stage combustion characteristics, and the mole fraction of CH species was decreased by CH + O₂ and CH + H₂O chemical reactions.

Keywords

CH₂O

C₂

Droplet combustion

Ignition delay

Mole fraction

Normalized flame distance ratio

Short wavelength filtering

References

T. Kitano, J. Nishio, R. Kurose, S. Komori, Evaporation and combustion of multicomponent fuel droplets, Fuel, 136 (2014) 219-225. 10.1016/j.fuel.2014.07.045

H.L. Rehman, J. Weiss, P. Seers, Effect of heat conduction on droplet life time and evaporation rate under forced convection at low temperatures, Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., 72 (2016) 59-66. 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2015.10.030

H.K. Suh, C.S. Lee, A review on atomization and exhaust emissions of a biodiesel-fueled compression ignition engine, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 58 (2016) 1601-1620. 10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.329

S.H. Park, J.P. Cha, H.J. Kim, C.S. Lee, Effect of early injection strategy on spray atomization and emission reduction characteristics in bioethanol blended diesel fueled engine, Energy, 39 (2012) 375-387. 10.1016/j.energy.2011.12.050

A.K. Yadav, A. Chowdhury, A. Srivastava, Interferometric investigation of methanol droplet combustion in varying oxygen environments under normal gravity, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 111 (2017) 871-883. 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.03.125

T. Kitano, J. Nishio, R. Kurose, S. Komori, Effects of ambient pressure, gas temperature and combustion reaction on droplet evaporation, Combust. Flame, 161 (2014) 551-564. 10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.09.009

T.I. Farouk, F.L. Dryer, On the extinction characteristics of alcohol droplet combustion under microgravity conditions - A numerical study, Combust. Flame, 159 (2012) 3208-3223. 10.1016/j.combustflame.2012.04.005

Y.C. Liu, Y. Xu, C.T. Avedisian, M.C. Hicks, The effect of support fibers on micro-convection in droplet combustion experiments, Proc. Combust. Inst., 35 (2015) 1709-1716. 10.1016/j.proci.2014.07.022

K.L. Pan, M.C. Chiu, Droplet combustion of blended fuels with alcohol and biodiesel/diesel in microgravity condition, Fuel, 113 (2013) 757-765. 10.1016/j.fuel.2013.03.029

Sirignano, Advances in droplet array combustion theory and modeling, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 42 (2014) 54-86. 10.1016/j.pecs.2014.01.002

M.M. Zhu, Z.Z. Zhang, Y. Zhang, P.F. Liu, D.K. Zhang, An experimental investigation into the ignition and combustion characteristics of single droplets of biochar water slurry fuels in air, Appl. Energy, 185 (2017) 2160-2167. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.11.087

H.J. Kang, J.H. Won, S.W. Baek, S.J. Kwon, Autoignition and combustion characteristics of sodium borohydride-based non-toxic hypergolic fuel droplet at elevated temperatures, Combust. Flame, 181 (2017) 149-156. 10.1016/j.combustflame.2017.03.021

G.A.E. Godsave, Studies of the combustion of drops in a fuel spray-the burning of single drops of fuel, Symp. (Int.) Combust., 4 (1953) 818-830. 10.1016/S0082-0784(53)80107-4

D.B. Spalding, The combustion of liquid fuels, Symp. (Int.) Combust., 4 (1953) 847-864. 10.1016/S0082-0784(53)80110-4

C.K. Law, Unsteady droplet combustion with droplet heating, Combust. Flame, 26(1976) 17-22. 10.1016/0010-2180(76)90053-5

C.K. Law, W.A. SIRIGNANO, Unsteady droplet combustion with droplet heating-Ⅱ: Conduction limit, Combust. Flame, 28 (1977) 175-186. 10.1016/0010-2180(77)90023-2

C.K. Law, Recent advances in droplet vaporization and combustion, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 8 (1982) 171-201. 10.1016/0360-1285(82)90011-9

Setyawan, M.M. Zhu, Z.Z. Zhang, D.K. Zhang, Ignition and combustion characteristics of single droplets of a crude glycerol in comparison with pure glycerol, petroleum diesel, biodiesel and ethanol, Energy, 113 (2016) 153-159. 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.032

Y.H. Xu, T.I. Farouk, M.C. Hicks, C.T. Avedisian, Initial diameter effects on combustion of unsupported equi-volume n-heptane/iso-octane mixture droplets and the transition to cool flame behavior: Experimental observations and detailed numerical modeling, Combust. Flame, 220 (2020) 82-91. 10.1016/j.combustflame.2020.06.012

Turns, S.R., AN INTRODUCTION TO COMBUSTION: CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS, THIRD EDITION (International Edition 2012), New York, 2012, 383-396.

M.M. Zhu, H.Y. Setyawan, Z.Z. Zhang, D.K. Zhang, Effect of n-butanol addition on the burning rate and soot characteristics during combustion of single droplets of diesel-biodiesel blends, Fuel, 265 (2020) 117020. 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117020

I. Awasthi, D.N. Pope, G. Gogos, Effects of the ambient temperature and initial diameter in droplet combustion, Combust. Flame, 161 (2014) 1883-1899. 10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.01.001

T.I. Farouk, F.L. Dryer, Isolated n-heptane droplet combustion in microgravity: "Cool Flames" - Two-stage combustion, Combust. Flame, 161 (2014) 565-581. 10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.09.011

T.I. Farouk, Y. Xu, C.T. Avedisian, F.L. Dryer, Combustion characteristics of primary reference fuel (PRF) droplets: Single stage high temperature combustion to multistage "Cool Flame" behavior, Proc. Combust. Inst., 36 (2017) 2585-2594. 10.1016/j.proci.2016.07.066

C.B. Reuter, M.H. Lee, S.H. Won, Y.G. Ju, Study of the low-temperature reactivity of large n-alkanes through cool diffusion flame extinction, Combust. Flame, 179 (2017) 23-32. 10.1016/j.combustflame.2017.01.028

M.B. Shim, K.Y Noh, W.S. Yoon, Flame structure of methane/oxygen shear coaxial jet with velocity ratio using high-speed imaging and OH*, CH* chemiluminescence, Acta Astron., 147 (2018) 127-132. 10.1016/j.actaastro.2018.03.053

D. Alviso, M. Mendieta, J. Molina, J.C. Rolon, Flame imaging reconstruction method using high resolution spectral data of OH*, CH* and C2* radicals, Int. J. Therm. Sci., 121 (2017) 228-236. 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2017.07.019

A. Mahfouz, H.A. Moneib, A. El-fatih, A.F. El-Sherif, H.S. Ayoub, A. Emara, Comparative study among waste cooking oil blends flame spectroscopy as an alternative fuel through using an industrial burner, Renew. Energy, 159 (2020) 893-907. 10.1016/j.renene.2020.06.041

O. Herbinet, W.J. Pitz, C.K. Westbrook, Detailed chemical kinetic mechanism for the oxidation of biodiesel fuels blend surrogate, Combust. Flame, 157 (2010) 893-908. 10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.10.013

Z. Luo, M. Plomer, T.F. Lu, S. Som, D.E. Longman, S.M. Sarathy, W.J. Pitz, A reduced mechanism for biodiesel surrogates for compression ignition engine applications, Fuel, 99 (2012) 143-153. 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.04.028

Y.C. Lim, H.K. Suh, S.H. Yoon, Prediction of Biodiesel Homogeneous Combustion and Flammability Limits in Compression Ignition Condition, Trans. Korean Soc. Mech. Eng. B, 42(11) (2018) 711-719. 10.3795/KSME-B.2018.42.11.711

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society Combustion
Publisher(Ko) :한국연소학회
Journal Title :Journal of The Korean Society Combustion
Journal Title(Ko) :한국연소학회지
Volume : 26
No :3
Pages :1-9
Received Date : 2021-01-19
Revised Date : 2021-05-28
Accepted Date : 2021-06-16
DOI :https://doi.org/10.15231/jksc.2021.26.3.001

Journal of The Korean Society Combustion ISSN:1226-0959(Print) 2466-2089(Online) 한국연소학회지

All Issue